Motivation in Management
01.What is Motivation
Motivation is a state of mind, filled with energy and enthusiasm, which drives a person to work in a certain way to achieve desired goals. Motivation is a force that pushes people to work with a high level of commitment and focus, even if things are going against them. Motivation translates into a certain kind of human behavior. In short, motivation is the driving force behind human actions.
Figure - 01 (Mortivation in Management)
Motivation theory is a way of looking at the motivation of a person and how this influences their behavior, whether for personal or professional reasons. It's important to every aspect of society but is especially relevant to business and management. Motivation is the key to more profitable employees, as a motivated employee is more productive.
02.What are the Motivational Theories
Motivation is a huge field of study. Psychologists have proposed many different theories of motivation. There are Some of the most famous motivational theories:
Figure 02. ( Motivational Theories )
02.1.Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs
Abraham Maslow postulated that a person will be motivated when all his needs are fulfilled. He demonstrated this by creating a pyramid to show how people are motivated and mentioned that ONE CANNOT ASCEND TO THE NEXT LEVEL UNLESS LOWER-LEVEL NEEDS ARE FULFILLED. The lowest level needs in the pyramid are basic needs and unless these lower-level needs are satisfied people do not look at working toward satisfying the upper-level needs.
Below is the hierarchy of needs:
02.1.1 Physiological needs : are basic needs for survival such as air, sleep, food, water, clothing, sex, and shelter.
02.1.2. Safety needs: Protection from threats, deprivation, and other dangers (e.g., health, secure employment, and property)
02.1.3. Social needs: The need for association, affiliation, friendship, and so on.
02.1.4. Self-esteem needs: The need for respect and recognition.
02.1.5. Self-actualization needs: The opportunity for personal development, learning, and fun/creative/challenging work. Self-actualization is the highest-level need to which a human being can aspire.
Figure 03- Maslow's Hierarchy.
02.2. Hertzberg’s two-factor Theory
Hertzberg classified the needs into two broad categories; namely hygiene factors and motivating factors.hygiene factors only are not sufficient to motivate people, but motivator factors are also required.
Improving motivator factors increases job satisfaction Influenced by motivator factors.
- Working condition
- Coworker relations
- Policies & rules
- Supervisor quality
Improving the hygiene factors decreases job dissatisfaction
- Achievements
- Recognition
- Responsibilityi
- Work itself
- Personal growth
02.3. McClelland’s Theory of Needs
McClelland affirms that we all have three motivating drivers, which do not depend on our gender or age. One of these drives will be dominant in our behavior. The dominant drive depends on our life experiences.
The three motivators are
02.3.1.Achievement: a need to accomplish and demonstrate own competence.
02.3.2.Affiliation: a need for love, belonging and social acceptance.
02.3.3.Power: a need for controlling own work or the work of others.
02.4. Vroom’s Theory of Expectancy
Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation says that an individual’s motivation is affected by their expectations about the future. In his view, an individual’s motivation is affected by –
Expectancy:
Instrumentality
Valence
Motivation = V * I * E
The three elements are important when choosing one element over another because they are clearly defined:
E>P expectancy: our assessment of the probability that our efforts will lead to the required performance level.
P>O expectancy: our assessment of the probability that our successful performance will lead to certain outcomes.
02.5. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
This theory is refer to two styles of management – authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y).
Theory X: . According to McGregor, this approach is very "hands-on" and usually involves micromanaging people's work to ensure that it gets done properly.
Theory Y: Managers who accept this theory believe that if people are willing to work without supervision, take pride in their work, see it as a challenge, and want to achieve more, they can direct their own efforts, take ownership of their work and do it effectively by themselves. These managers use a decentralized, participative management style.
02.6. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
C. P. Alderfer, an American psychologist, developed Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into a theory of his own.
His theory suggests that there are three groups of core needs:
-Existence (E),
-Relatedness (R),
-Growth (G).
These groups are aligned with Maslow’s levels of physiological needs, social needs, and self-actualization needs, respectively.
Existence needs concern our basic material requirements for living, which include what Maslow categorized as physiological needs
Relatedness needs have to do with the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships. These needs are based on social interactions
Growth needs describe our intrinsic desire for personal development. These needs are aligned with the other part of Maslow’s i
02.6.1.Implications of the ERG Theory
All managers must understand that an employee has various needs that must be satisfied at the same time. According to the ERG theory, if the manager focuses solely on one need at a time, then this will not effectively motivate the employee. The frustration-regression aspect of ERG Theory has an added effect on workplace motivation. For e.g., if an employee is not provided with growth and advancement opportunities in an organization, then he or she might revert to related needs such as socializing needs.
03.Conclusion
Motivation is the state of mind which pushes all human beings to perform to their highest potential, with good spirits and a positive attitude. The various motivation theories outlined above help us to understand what are the factors that drive motivation. It is a leader’s job to ensure that every individual in the team and the organization is motivated, and inspired to perform better than their best. This is neither quick nor easy, but in the long-term, the gains that are derived from happy employees far outweigh the time and effort spent in motivating them!
04. References
Figure 01 https://frontlineleadershipprogram.com/Blog/ArticleID/14/FrontLine-Leadership--The-Importance-of-Employee-Motivation
Figure 02 https://indiafreenotes.com/process-theories/
https://www.knowledgehut.com/tutorials/project-management/motivation-theories
Employee motivation is defined as the level of energy, commitment, persistence, and creativity that workers bring to their jobs. Frequent motivation leads an organization to achieve their goals easily due to motivated employees those who work hard for a common goal
ReplyDeleteThanks dear
DeleteVery good and detailed article . Well done
ReplyDeleteWhile thanking for sharing this useful topic, I think, It is the level of motivation, commitment, and strength that an organization's staff brings to their employees every day of success in the business world. Without motivation, organization experience reduced output and productivity and are more likely to fall short of achieving organizational crucial goals. So motivation is a key factor to be considered and applying different methods which have to be an ongoing process, all organizations must find methods to increase and sustain employee motivation to perform well in the industry
ReplyDeleteWell explained its clear understandable good topic selection for modern days if a employee motivated with out any supervision their out come higer than organization expectations. maslows hierarchy imge its a good example
ReplyDeleteI agree with Sabry. The contents of topic motivates us also while reading. written in understandable english. Anyway i feel if you would have put citations in each of the required places would have given more professional. Anyway its nice.
ReplyDeleteWell explained, Motivation helps to change from negative attitude to positive attitude. Without motivation the employees try to perform minimum activities in the organization. But the motivation fills in the desire to perform to their maximum level.
ReplyDeleteWell-explained motivational theories encouraged me to read.
ReplyDelete